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不懂这些怎敢自称外贸人 Essential Knowledge for Foreign Traders
发表时间:2016-5-13 16:16:15   编辑:朗耀国际物流    人气:   来源:朗耀国际物流

    正在外贸工作中的你是否已经对外贸的所有事情了如指掌呢?以下的这些外贸常识你都知道了吗? Do you know all knowledge of foreign

    正在外贸工作中的你是否已经对外贸的所有事情了如指掌呢?以下的这些外贸常识你都知道了吗? Do you know all knowledge of foreign trade as the one that are engaging in foreign trade? Do you know the following common sense? 


主提单,一票货只有一份 Only one master B/L for each shipment 

        你接触过拼柜吗?如果客户要求拼柜,出货的时候你是怎样处理的呢?一般来说,我们都会要求货代出分提单,我们拿着只显示我们自己那部分货物的提单为凭证,催促客户付尾款。但是你知道吗,对于同一个柜子里面的货物,船公司只会出一份提单(主提单)。而你手头上的分提单,属于货代提单,由货代出。收货人收到分提单后,到目的港指定货代处,二次换单(换海运提单/主提单),清关提货。在到付指定货代情况下,如果目的港货代和收货人串通好,收货人完全可以在没有货代提单的情况下,清关提货,这就是经常说的无单放货。所以,如果是拼柜的订单,而且是客户指定的货代,你就要衡量清楚风险了。 
        Do you know LCL( Less Container Load)? If LCL is required by customers, how do you deal with that? Generally, we will ask for house B/L from freight forwarding which only shows our products. Taking it as evidence, we could push customers for balance. But do you know? The shipping company only issues one B/L(master B/L) for products in one cargo but the house B/L is issued by the forwarder so it is called the House B/L. After getting the house B/L, consignee changes B/L(change to ocean B/L or master B/L) at appointed forwarder in destination port and pick up the goods. In the case of appointed forwarder, if the forwarder colludes with consignee at destination port, consignee can have customs clearance and pick up goods without B/L, and that is what we usually call “receive goods without original B/L”. Thus, if you get a LCL order with appointed freight forwarder by customers, assessing risk clearly is necessary. 

产地证上的日期秘密 Secret of date on CO 

       产地证上一共有4个日期。分别是拟出运日期,发票日期,申请日期和签证日期。以CO为例,它们分别在第三栏,第十栏,第十一栏和第十二栏。其中,出运日期一般是提单上的上船日期,发票日期是你CI上的日期,而申请日期就是你做这份证书的时间,签证日期则是机构签发产地证的日期。但是要注意的是,签证日期不得早于发票日期和申领日期,而应早于货物的出运日期;而申领日期不得早于发票日期,而它们之间相差不能超过7个工作日。即:发票日期≤申请日期≤签发日期≤出运日期≤7日(工作日) 
       here are four kinds of date on CO: shipment date, invoice date, application date, date of issue. Take CO as an example, they are respectively in the third column, the tenth column, the eleventh column and the twelfth column. Shipment date generally is the shipped on board date on B/L; invoice date is the date on CI; application date is the date when you make this certification while date of issue is the date when the institution issued the CO. It should be noted that the date of issue cannot be earlier than invoice date and application date but should be earlier than the shipment date; and the application date cannot be earlier than invoice date and the difference between them is no more than 7 working days. That is: Invoice date ≤ application date ≤ date of issue ≤ shipment date ≤ 7 days(working days) 

商会认证文件 Chamber of commerce certification documents 

       也称国际商事证明书,由贸促会认证签章。证明书分为两类,一类是证明与国际商事活动相关的具有法律意义的文书或单证,二是证明与国际商事活动相关的具有法律意义的事实。一般来说,我们比较常用的是认证商业发票。主要是提供给进口国海关确定货物的生产国别,从而核定进口货物应征收的税率,有的则是由于国家限制从某些国家或地区进口货物,所以要求以产地证明书来证明货物的来源。一般来说,出口到沙特阿拉伯、科威特的货物都需要商会认证商业发票。办理认证发票,需联系当地贸处会,带齐相关文件及佐证材料办理。 
        It is also known as the international business certificate, which sealed by China Council for the Promotion of International Trade . There are two categories of this certification: one is instrument or document with legal significance to prove relevance of international commercial activities, the two is the fact to prove relevance of international commercial activities. Generally speaking, the certified commercial invoice is more commonly used. It is provided to custom of importing country for determining country of origin so as to determine the tax rate that should be levied; and some countries impose restrictions on importing goods from some certain countries or regions, so CO is required to prove the source. Generally, products exported to Saudi Arabia, Kuwait are required certified commercial invoice. To deal with certified invoice, you need to contact the local trade department, taking all related documents and supporting materials. 

政府部门之间 Government sector 

       在外贸过程中,有四个部门你不能不知,因为货物出口要经过它们,才能顺利完成。它们分别是: In foreign trade, there are four sectors you must know because goods can be exported smoothly through them. They are: 

       商检:进出口商品检验检疫局:交货前请他们验货,并出具品质证书。 Inspection:China Inspection and Quarantine Bureau: products should be inspected by them before delivery and provide quality certification. 

       报关:海关:商检以后,向海关申报出口,然后运出去。 Customs clearance: the Custom: after inspection, declare for export and then delivery goods. 

       核销:外汇管理局:收到钱以后向外汇管理局报告。 Verification and cancellation: State Administration of Foreign Exchange: report to SAFE after receiving payment. 

       退税:国税局:出口以后申报,取得退返税款等优惠。 Tax rebate: State Administration of Taxation: declare after exporting so as to get privileges like tax rebate. 

上述的这些小知识你都知道了吗?如果还没有,赶快收藏起来吧。类似的外贸小知识还有很多,今天阿连就暂时给大家分享这么多,如果还有其他想要知道的小知识,欢迎留言哦。 Now do you know the above common sense? If not, collect it. Actually there are more foreign trade knowledge but I just share the above with you. If want to know more, you are welcomed to tell me. 




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